Traditionally considered a safe-haven currency, the yen has faced significant challenges in recent years. As a result, the USDJPY pair, representing the balance of power between the US and Japanese economies, has turned into a battleground for bulls and bears. Given these developments, what lies ahead for this currency pair? Which factors are likely to exert the most influence on its trajectory?
This article provides predictions for the USDJPY exchange rate for 2026, 2027, 2028, and beyond. These forecasts are shaped by various factors, including macroeconomic trends, geopolitical developments, and technological innovation.
The article covers the following subjects:
Major Takeaways
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The current price of the pair is ¥155.963 as of 26.02.2026.
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The USDJPY pair reached its all-time high of ¥358.4 on 10.01.1971. Its all-time low of ¥75.57 was recorded on 31.10.2011.
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In 2026, the broader upward trend may remain intact despite potential short-term corrections. The price may reach ¥160.47–162.00.
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According to expert estimates, the pair may fluctuate between ¥143 and ¥169.40 in 2027. More moderate forecasts suggest the price could rise to ¥166.21–166.66. However, a decline toward ¥148 by the end of the year cannot be ruled out.
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Outlooks for 2028–2030 remain mixed. Some experts expect growth to ¥184.70–270.79, while others anticipate a strengthening yen, with the pair reaching around ¥156.39 by the end of 2030.
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In 2040–2050, USDJPY will be largely driven by economic shifts, technological progress, and geopolitical developments. The pair may experience high volatility due to changes in interest rates, trade disputes, and political instability.
USDJPY Real-Time Market Status
The USDJPY currency pair is trading at ¥155.963 as of 26.02.2026.
The key metrics below will help traders assess the current state of the USDJPY pair in the market.
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Interest rate is the cost of borrowing money, expressed as a percentage of the loan amount. It influences both investment and consumer spending.
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The national consumer price index (CPI) (YoY) measures inflation by tracking yearly changes in the cost of a standard basket of goods and services.
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Economic growth (GDP) (YoY) gauges the increase in a country’s goods and services over a year.
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The employment rate reflects the proportion of the working-age population that is employed. A high employment rate indicates a healthy economy.
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The unemployment rate is the share of the working-age population that is unemployed but actively looking for work. A low unemployment rate indicates a strong labor market.
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Balance of trade is the difference between exports and imports of goods and services.
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Foreign exchange reserves refer to the holdings of foreign currencies and gold that a country uses to stabilize its currency and finance imports.
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External debt is the total amount a country owes to foreign lenders.
|
Metric |
Value (Japan) |
Value (US) |
|
Interest rate |
0.75% |
3.75% |
|
Consumer price index (CPI) |
1.5% |
2.4% |
|
Economic growth (GDP) |
0.20% |
2.20% |
|
Employment rate |
62.40% |
59.80% |
|
Unemployment rate |
2.60% |
4.30% |
|
Trade balance |
-2.3 trillion JPY |
-70.31 billion USD |
|
Gold reserves |
845.97 tonnes |
8,133.46 tonnes |
|
External debt |
1,342.17 trillion JPY |
38.5 trillion USD |
USDJPY Price Forecast for 2026 Based on Technical Analysis
To assess the future trajectory of USDJPY, let us examine the weekly price chart.
The pair has been trading within the ¥139.57–161.95 range for a long period. Technical indicators and candlestick patterns currently provide predominantly bearish signals:
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The Evening Star reversal pattern (1) near ¥158.48 points to increased selling pressure. It was followed by the Falling Three Methods pattern (2) within the ¥158.48–152.78 range, signaling a continuation of the downward move.
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MACD is moving sideways in the negative zone, providing no clear buy or sell signals.
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RSI is holding at 54, meaning the price could move in either direction.
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MFI is also declining, indicating consistent capital outflows. Tick volumes are falling.
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The VWAP and SMA20 lines are near the market price, signaling a short-term consolidation.
Below is USDJPY’s 12-month price forecast.
|
Month |
Low, ¥ |
Average price, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
March 2026 |
151.23 |
154.22 |
157.22 |
|
April 2026 |
146.66 |
149.37 |
152.09 |
|
May 2026 |
142.52 |
145.23 |
147.95 |
|
June 2026 |
141.09 |
144.37 |
147.66 |
|
July 2026 |
144.80 |
147.58 |
150.37 |
|
August 2026 |
143.81 |
147.95 |
152.09 |
|
September 2026 |
148.80 |
151.15 |
153.51 |
|
October 2026 |
148.09 |
151.73 |
155.37 |
|
November 2026 |
154.51 |
158.72 |
162.93 |
|
December 2026 |
157.37 |
161.43 |
165.50 |
|
January 2027 |
161.65 |
164.29 |
166.93 |
|
February 2027 |
160.94 |
164.50 |
168.07 |
Long-Term Trading Plan for USDJPY for 2026
The technical analysis conducted has allowed us to identify key support and resistance levels for a trading strategy.
Trading Plan for the Year
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The USDJPY price will likely decline to ¥144.77 over the next 1–3 months.
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Key support levels: ¥152.78, ¥148.82, ¥144.77, ¥139.94, ¥135.66, ¥131.15, ¥127.42, ¥123.70, ¥119.02, ¥114.27, ¥109.28.
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Key resistance levels: ¥158.48, ¥161.97, ¥166.01, ¥169.81, ¥175.04, ¥179, ¥183.12.
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Base scenario: Open short positions below the support level of ¥152.78, with potential targets in the ¥148.82–109.28 range.
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Alternative scenario: Open long positions above the resistance of ¥158.48. Potential targets: ¥161.97–183.12.
Analysts’ USDJPY Price Projections for 2026
Analysts expect moderate US dollar appreciation in 2026, with the pair likely to trade between ¥148 and ¥164. USDJPY will depend largely on geopolitical developments and the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan.
LongForecast
Price range (JPY): 148–164.
According to LongForecast, the pair may stabilize around ¥154 by summer. By December, it is projected to reach approximately ¥162. Moderate volatility is expected.
|
Month |
Opening price, ¥ |
Low/High, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
|
March |
154 |
148-159 |
153 |
|
April |
153 |
149-153 |
151 |
|
May |
151 |
150-154 |
152 |
|
June |
152 |
152-156 |
154 |
|
July |
154 |
154-161 |
159 |
|
August |
159 |
158-162 |
160 |
|
September |
160 |
154-160 |
156 |
|
October |
156 |
156-163 |
161 |
|
November |
161 |
159-163 |
161 |
|
December |
161 |
160-164 |
162 |
WalletInvestor
Price range (JPY): 155.11–160.67.
According to WalletInvestor data, the price is projected to reach ¥155.11 by March. By the end of June, the pair may reach ¥157.71, and by December, it could be around ¥160.67.
|
Month |
Opening price, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
Low, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
March |
155.11 |
155.79 |
155.11 |
155.79 |
|
April |
155.83 |
156.54 |
155.83 |
156.54 |
|
May |
156.57 |
157.1 |
156.57 |
157.1 |
|
June |
157.11 |
157.71 |
157.11 |
157.71 |
|
July |
157.72 |
157.03 |
157.03 |
157.78 |
|
August |
156.98 |
157.14 |
156.73 |
157.14 |
|
September |
157.18 |
158.09 |
157.18 |
158.09 |
|
October |
158.11 |
159.32 |
158.11 |
159.32 |
|
November |
159.41 |
160.15 |
159.41 |
160.24 |
|
December |
160.16 |
160.67 |
160.09 |
160.67 |
CoinCodex
Price range (JPY): 149.12–162.26.
CoinCodex analysts project an average price of around ¥154.82 by early March. By mid-year, the rate may decline to approximately ¥152.55. However, an upward trend is expected to resume later, with the average price reaching ¥160.47 by the end of the year.
|
Month |
Low, ¥ |
Average price, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
March |
152.5 |
154.82 |
157.27 |
|
April |
151.18 |
155.4 |
157.85 |
|
May |
151.27 |
153.29 |
156 |
|
June |
151.28 |
152.55 |
154.24 |
|
July |
149.12 |
153.27 |
155.7 |
|
August |
149.21 |
151.42 |
153.88 |
|
September |
150.51 |
152.18 |
154.08 |
|
October |
151.09 |
155.68 |
158.59 |
|
November |
157.42 |
159.52 |
162.1 |
|
December |
159.15 |
160.47 |
162.26 |
Analysts’ USDJPY Price Projections for 2027
According to forecasts, USDJPY may decline to ¥148 in 2027. The interest rate differential between the United States and Japan could narrow significantly. A bullish scenario suggests a rise toward the ¥166.21–166.66 range.
Note: The price ranges reflect the asset's expected volatility throughout the year. Lows and highs may not be shown in the summary tables.
LongForecast
Price range (JPY): 143–162.
LongForecast analysts project the pair to climb to around ¥162 at the beginning of 2027. By the end of June, a decline to approximately ¥151 is possible. The bearish trend may then continue, with the price falling to around ¥148 by December.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Low/High, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
162 |
149-162 |
151 |
|
Q2 |
151 |
147-155 |
151 |
|
Q3 |
151 |
147-158 |
149 |
|
Q4 |
149 |
143-150 |
148 |
WalletInvestor
Price range (JPY): 160.10–166.66.
According to WalletInvestor, the currency pair may trade at around ¥160.68 at the beginning of 2027. By summer, the price is expected to rise toward ¥163.70. By December, quotes may reach a high of ¥166.66.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
Low, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
160.68 |
161.78 |
160.10 |
161.78 |
|
Q2 |
161.81 |
163.70 |
161.81 |
163.70 |
|
Q3 |
163.70 |
164.06 |
162.73 |
164.06 |
|
Q4 |
164.10 |
166.66 |
164.10 |
166.66 |
CoinCodex
Price range (JPY): 143.17–169.40.
According to the analytical portal CoinCodex, the average USDJPY rate may reach ¥161.88 by the end of the first quarter. By September, the pair is projected to fall to ¥146.26. However, the trend is expected to turn upward afterward. By the end of the year, the price may climb to ¥169.40.
|
Quarter |
Low, ¥ |
Average price, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
156.88 |
161.88 |
163.80 |
|
Q2 |
145.61 |
151.09 |
161.22 |
|
Q3 |
143.17 |
146.26 |
153.60 |
|
Q4 |
145.03 |
166.21 |
169.40 |
Analysts’ USDJPY Price Projections for 2028
According to the consensus forecast for 2028, the pair is expected to trade between ¥148 and ¥172.68. Sustained demand for the US dollar in international trade could drive USDJPY toward ¥169–172.68.
LongForecast
Price range (JPY): 148–172.
LongForecast expects the price to stand at around ¥148 at the beginning of the year. By June, the pair may rise to ¥152, and by December, it could reach ¥169.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Low/High, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
148 |
148-158 |
156 |
|
Q2 |
156 |
150-163 |
152 |
|
Q3 |
152 |
152-164 |
162 |
|
Q4 |
162 |
158-172 |
169 |
WalletInvestor
Price range (JPY): 166.10–172.68.
According to the analytical portal WalletInvestor, the pair is projected to trade at around ¥166.67 at the beginning of the year. By June, the rate may rise to ¥169.70. The upward trend is expected to continue, with the pair reaching ¥172.68 by December.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
Low, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
166.67 |
167.79 |
166.10 |
167.79 |
|
Q2 |
167.82 |
169.70 |
167.82 |
169.70 |
|
Q3 |
169.70 |
170.08 |
168.72 |
170.08 |
|
Q4 |
170.14 |
172.68 |
170.14 |
172.68 |
CoinCodex
Price range (JPY): 154.24–169.31.
CoinCodex analysts expect neutral price action. By mid-year, the pair may fluctuate within the ¥155.20–169.31 range. By the end of December, the average rate is projected to be around ¥161.77.
|
Quarter |
Low, ¥ |
Average price, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
158 |
161.88 |
169.31 |
|
Q2 |
155.20 |
158.86 |
163.66 |
|
Q3 |
154.24 |
158.59 |
163.83 |
|
Q4 |
159.10 |
161.77 |
163.84 |
Analysts’ USDJPY Price Projections for 2029
In 2029, the currency pair is expected to trade within a broad range of ¥150.03–183.00. By then, the Bank of Japan may have completed the normalization of its monetary policy. The pair is likely to depend more on the pace of economic growth in the United States and Japan.
LongForecast
Price range (JPY): 161–183.
LongForecast analysts expect the rate to stand at around ¥169 at the beginning of the year. By the end of June, the pair may correct to ¥163. However, the upward trend may resume later, with the price reaching ¥183 by the end of December.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Low/High, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
169 |
166-177 |
174 |
|
Q2 |
174 |
161-176 |
163 |
|
Q3 |
163 |
163-181 |
178 |
|
Q4 |
178 |
172-183 |
176 |
WalletInvestor
Price range (JPY): 172.11–178.68.
WalletInvestor provides a moderately positive outlook. The average price of the pair is projected to be around ¥172.70 at the beginning of the year. By summer, the rate may rise to ¥175.69, and by December, it could reach ¥178.68.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
Low, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
172.70 |
173.78 |
172.11 |
173.78 |
|
Q2 |
173.83 |
175.69 |
173.83 |
175.69 |
|
Q3 |
175.72 |
176.09 |
174.73 |
176.09 |
|
Q4 |
176.13 |
178.68 |
176.13 |
178.68 |
CoinCodex
Price range (JPY): 150.03–163.90.
CoinCodex experts expect the average USDJPY rate to stabilize at around ¥151.86 by the end of the first quarter. By summer, the price may rise to ¥157.68. The upward trend is projected to continue in the second half of the year, with the average price reaching ¥160.66 by December.
|
Quarter |
Low, ¥ |
Average price, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
150.03 |
151.86 |
162.22 |
|
Q2 |
151.66 |
157.68 |
159.46 |
|
Q3 |
157.54 |
160.54 |
163.25 |
|
Q4 |
157.01 |
160.66 |
163.90 |
Analysts’ USDJPY Price Projections for 2030
Experts expect the currency pair to trade within the ¥150.61–298.80 range by 2030. The upward trend is projected to continue. Volatility may increase amid heightened geopolitical tensions.
WalletInvestor
Price range (JPY): 178.12–184.70.
WalletInvestor analysts forecast further growth, with the rate standing at around ¥178.71 at the beginning of the year. By summer, the rate may rise to ¥181.70, and by December it could reach ¥184.70.
|
Quarter |
Opening price, ¥ |
Closing price, ¥ |
Low, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
178.71 |
179.79 |
178.12 |
179.79 |
|
Q2 |
179.83 |
181.70 |
179.83 |
181.70 |
|
Q3 |
181.72 |
182.09 |
180.74 |
182.09 |
|
Q4 |
182.14 |
184.70 |
182.14 |
184.70 |
Gov Capital
Price range (JPY): 205.98–298.80.
According to the analytical portal Gov Capital, USDJPY is expected to rise and reach ¥235.15 at the beginning of the year. By the end of the first half of the year, the price may climb to ¥236.60. The bullish momentum is projected to strengthen further, with the pair reaching ¥270.79 by December.
|
Quarter |
Average price, ¥ |
Lowest possible price, ¥ |
Highest possible price, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
235.15 |
205.98 |
259.21 |
|
Q2 |
236.60 |
210.34 |
263.66 |
|
Q3 |
252.31 |
212.40 |
277.97 |
|
Q4 |
270.79 |
226.28 |
298.80 |
CoinCodex
Price range (JPY): 150.61–160.60.
CoinCodex experts estimate that the average price will reach ¥159.20 by the end of the first quarter. High volatility is expected, with the pair declining to ¥154.82 by the end of June. By the end of the year, the price is projected to recover to around ¥156.39.
|
Quarter |
Low, ¥ |
Average price, ¥ |
High, ¥ |
|
Q1 |
153.83 |
159.20 |
160.41 |
|
Q2 |
153.28 |
154.82 |
160.60 |
|
Q3 |
150.61 |
154 |
156.38 |
|
Q4 |
153 |
156.39 |
157.10 |
Analysts’ USDJPY Price Projections up to 2050
Predicting exchange rates for 2040–2050 is exceptionally challenging due to numerous unpredictable variables, including demographic shifts, the pace of automation, evolving monetary policies, and broader technological transformations. Geopolitical conflicts and shifting military alliances introduce further uncertainty. Consequently, any quantitative projections remain highly speculative, and actual rates are subject to constant fluctuation.
USDJPY Market Sentiment on Social Media
Media sentiment reflects users’ opinions about USDJPY across various social media platforms. Positive sentiment may stimulate demand for the US dollar, leading to a rise in USDJPY, while negative sentiment may result in a decline in the pair.
User @FX_Ship forecasts a near-term increase in USDJPY to ¥157.
An independent trader known as @_OfficialBobgeh also expects the price to rise to ¥157.50.
In contrast, independent analyst @TradingShot points to bearish technical signals. The pair may decline to ¥147 in the near term.
Thus, most users expect the US dollar to strengthen. However, before making trading or investment decisions, it is important to conduct both technical and fundamental analysis and review the latest market insights.
USDJPY Price History
The USDJPY pair reached its all-time high of 358.4 JPY on 10.01.1971.
The lowest price of the USDJPY pair was recorded on 31.10.2011 and reached 75.57 JPY.
The chart below shows the USDJPY pair performance over the last ten years. Evaluating historical data is crucial for making accurate forecasts.
From 2020 to early 2025, the USDJPY exchange rate has experienced significant swings, influenced by global economic and political factors:
-
In early 2020, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the yen strengthened as a safe-haven currency, pushing the pair towards ¥102.00. However, with extensive stimulus measures in the US and a global economic recovery in 2021, the yen started to weaken, resulting in an upward trend for the USDJPY.
-
In 2022, US inflation began to increase rapidly, prompting the US Fed to tighten its monetary policy. This decision led to a further strengthening of the US dollar and propelled the USDJPY exchange rate to reach multi-year highs by the year’s end. Meanwhile, the Bank of Japan’s ultra-loose policy only exacerbated the situation.
-
In 2023, US inflation growth decelerated, but the Fed continued to elevate rates. The BOJ started to adjust its policy, allowing bond yields to rise, which resulted in a correction in the USDJPY pair.
-
In 2025, the USDJPY pair showed highly volatile but predominantly upward movement. After the yen weakened in the spring, the dollar gradually strengthened, and by the fall, the exchange rate had returned to the upper levels of the range. The increase was supported by the interest rate differential and expectations that the Fed would maintain its strict monetary policy. The pair remained sensitive to central bank actions and global economic shifts, which sparked elevated volatility in the market.
-
In January–February 2026, the pair traded within a sideways range of ¥152.09–159.45. The price reacted to mixed US inflation data and cautious comments from Bank of Japan officials.
USDJPY Price Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis of the USDJPY exchange rate is based on the assessment of macroeconomic indicators of the US and Japan. The key factors affecting the pair’s performance include the interest rates of the Fed and the Bank of Japan and the geopolitical situation, among others. The combination of these factors determines the long-term trends of the USDJPY exchange rate.
What Factors Affect the USDJPY Price?
-
Interest rates. The difference in interest rates set by the US Fed and the Bank of Japan significantly affects the appeal of the USDJPY pair. High interest rates in the US make the greenback more attractive for investors, which leads to the appreciation of the USDJPY pair.
-
Economic indicators. Important economic data such as GDP, inflation, unemployment rate, and retail sales figures signal the state of the economy in both countries. Positive economic data from the US usually leads to a stronger US dollar, while negative data tends to weaken its value.
-
Geopolitical risks. Political instability, trade wars, and international conflicts can be harmful to the USDJPY exchange rate. During periods of uncertainty, investors often seek safety in more stable currencies, such as the Japanese yen, which causes the USDJPY pair to weaken.
-
Monetary policy. The decisions made by the US Fed and the Bank of Japan, including measures like monetary policy easing or tightening, significantly influence the USDJPY exchange rate.
-
Balance of trade. The difference between exports and imports of the US and Japan can also affect the USDJPY exchange rate. Countries with a large trade surplus usually have a stronger currency.
-
Market sentiment. General market sentiment and risk appetite can also influence the USDJPY exchange rate. During periods of optimism, investors tend to take risks and buy the US dollar, while during pessimistic periods, they prefer safer assets such as the Japanese yen.
More Facts About USDJPY
The USDJPY pair represents the value of the US dollar in relation to the Japanese yen and is among the most traded currency pairs globally, known for its high liquidity and volatility.
As a barometer of global market sentiment, the USDJPY pair reflects investor confidence. Typically, when investors are confident, they tend to buy the US dollar, leading to an increase in the pair’s value. Conversely, when investors are apprehensive, they turn to the Japanese yen, causing the USDJPY pair to fall.
Notably, the USDJPY is a complex currency pair that is influenced by many factors. Thus, traders need to carefully analyze all available data before making any decisions. Understanding the relationship between these factors is the key to successful trading in the USDJPY market.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Investing in USDJPY
Investing in the USDJPY currency pair, as with any other asset, comes with certain advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully weigh the pros and cons before making an investment decision.
Advantages
-
High liquidity. The USDJPY pair is one of the most traded currency pairs in the world, which ensures high liquidity and makes it easy to buy and sell currency at any time.
-
Volatility. The volatility of the USDJPY pair provides traders with opportunities to profit on both upward and downward movements.
-
Transparency. Data on factors affecting the USDJPY exchange rate is widely available, allowing traders to conduct fundamental and technical analyses.
-
Portfolio diversification. Investing in USDJPY can help diversify an investment portfolio and reduce overall risk.
Disadvantages
-
Heightened risk. The volatility of the USDJPY pair also means that investing in this currency pair involves a high risk of loss.
-
Influence of macroeconomic factors. The USDJPY exchange rate is influenced by many macroeconomic factors, such as interest rates, inflation, and geopolitical risks, which require traders to constantly monitor and analyze the market.
-
Requires knowledge and experience. Successful USDJPY trading demands in-depth knowledge of the currency market, as well as experience in technical and fundamental analyses.
-
Leverage risk. Using leverage can boost potential profits, but it can also increase potential losses.
-
Spread. The spread between the buy and sell price can reduce the profitability of short-term trades.
How We Make Forecasts
In order to forecast the USDJPY currency pair performance in the short and long term, it is essential to use a comprehensive approach that includes the following elements:
1. An in-depth fundamental analysis that involves:
-
analyzing expert forecasts from reputable analytical companies;
-
examining the US and Japanese economies, including economic growth rates, economic stability, GDP, interest rates, and inflation rates;
-
assessing current monetary policy, particularly monetary policy easing and tightening;
-
analyzing trade relations between the two countries, including the balance of exports and imports, existing trade agreements, and other relevant aspects;
-
studying geopolitical and macroeconomic risks that could affect the exchange rate.
2. Estimating prevailing market sentiment and public opinion expressed on social media and other platforms.
3. Technical analysis. The movement of currency pairs often follows certain cycles, and many factors are already factored into the current value. The price chart reflects not only statistical data but also the psychology of market participants. Technical analysis uses a wide range of methods and tools. The most effective and safe approach involves the complex use of candlestick analysis, chart patterns, and technical indicators. This method helps traders identify optimal moments to enter the market with minimal risk and determine potential profit-taking levels in advance.
Conclusion: Is USDJPY a Good Investment?
Investments in USDJPY carry high currency risk and are suitable only for diversified portfolios. The pair is better suited for active trading due to its strong volatility. It is also popular in carry trades because of the interest rate differential.
Short-term trading requires a deep understanding of central bank policies. A more conservative approach is to use USDJPY’s correlations with other assets to hedge risks.
USDJPY Price Prediction FAQs
Price chart of USDJPY in real time mode
The content of this article reflects the author’s opinion and does not necessarily reflect the official position of LiteFinance broker. The material published on this page is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered as the provision of investment advice for the purposes of Directive 2014/65/EU.
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