EOS is the native cryptocurrency for EOSIO, an open-source blockchain technology that allows developers to build decentralized applications. The coin is recognized as one of the leading tokens in the crypto world. Although Ethereum – the main EOS rival – is far more popular, experts emphasize that popularity does not guarantee high quality.
EOS focuses on speed, scalability, and flexibility, all important things that give it an edge in the eyes of experts. Besides, EOS developers strive to solve the problems of limited availability of resources on the network, false transactions, similar requests, spamming apps, and more. Let’s explore what prospects await EOS and the cryptocurrency market in the future.
The article aims to help you make an informed decision about investing in EOS and creating an investment plan based on our forecast. After reading about the history and prospects of EOS, you will have all the necessary information. Still, this article is not a call to action, and it depends on you whether EOS should be included in your investment portfolio.
The article covers the following subjects:
Highlights and Key Points
- EOS is a highly volatile asset mostly used for short-term rather than long-term trading.
- Experts predict a significant long-term growth for EOS. However, the growth will be limited due to intense competition in the cryptocurrency market.
- Weekly Elliott wave EOS analysis as of 22.10.2024.
- EOSUSD: according to the Elliott wave analysis, the EOSUSD pair develop an upward wave (Y) with the target of 0.54 during this trading week. Consider buying the cryptocurrency at the current level, taking profits at 0.54.
EOS Price Today
As of 22.10.2024, the EOS exchange rate is $0.4923.
To effectively forecast the EOSUSD exchange rate in the near term, monitor technological developments and updates within the EOS blockchain, pay attention to overall market sentiment towards cryptocurrencies, and stay updated on regulatory news. Additionally, keep an eye on partnerships and integrations with other projects, as these can enhance EOS’s utility and attractiveness to investors.
Weekly Elliott wave EOS analysis as of 21.10.2024
The EOSUSD daily chart shows the second part of the global corrective trend, which takes the form of a bearish triple zigzag [W]-[X]-[Y]-[X]-[Z]. The motive wave [Y] has finished, after which the price increased within the linking wave [X]. Judging by the initial part, the wave [X] will likely become a double zigzag (W)-(X)-(Y). The motive wave (W) has been completed. The linking wave (X) is unfolding as a triple zigzag W-X-Y-X-Z.
The final motive wave Z is unfolding on the last section of the chart as a standard zigzag [A]-[B]-[C]. Only the first part, the impulse [A], is completed. A prolonged complex correction [B] is in progress, resembling a double zigzag (W)-(X)-(Y). The correction is expected to end once a final sub-wave (Y) finishes near the high of 0.54, marked by the sub-wave (W).
Weekly EOSUSD trading plan:
Buy 0.49, TP 0.54
EOSUSD wave analysis is presented by an independent analyst, Roman Onegin.
EOS Price Price Forecast for 2024 – Experts Predictions
Fresh data and forecasts for 2024 point to the fact that the EOS price may fluctuate significantly.
DigitalCoinPrice
Price range in 2024: $0.44 – 1.16 (as of August 26, 2024).
According to DigitalCoinPrice, EOSUSD will trade flat between a low of $0.44 and a high of $1.16. In August and September, the price will experience high volatility and stabilize by the end of the year.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
August |
0.53 |
0.53 |
0.53 |
|
September |
0.44 |
0.84 |
1.15 |
|
October |
0.46 |
0.67 |
1.14 |
|
November |
0.46 |
0.76 |
1.16 |
|
December |
0.46 |
0.72 |
1.16 |
CryptoPredictions
Price range in 2024: $0.602 – 0.904 (as of August 26, 2024).
CryptoPredictions‘ forecast suggests that EOS will decline throughout the rest of 2024. The average price will fall to $0.709 by the end of the year, with the lowest and highest levels dropping to the range of $0.602-0.904.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
August |
0.614 |
0.723 |
0.904 |
|
September |
0.612 |
0.720 |
0.900 |
|
October |
0.609 |
0.717 |
0.896 |
|
November |
0.606 |
0.713 |
0.891 |
|
December |
0.602 |
0.709 |
0.886 |
CoinPriceForecast
Price range in 2024: $0.57 – 0.80 (as of August 26, 2024).
CoinPriceForecast predicts that the EOSUSD exchange rate may hit $0.80 by the end of 2024.
LongForecast
Price range in 2024: $0.40 – 0.73 (as of August 26, 2024).
LongForecast experts anticipate EOS quotes to decline to $0.40. A small correction may occur in December, but the overall outlook will remain bearish.
|
Month |
Open, $ |
Low – High, $ |
Close, $ |
|
August |
0.57 |
0.40 – 0.60 |
0.56 |
|
September |
0.56 |
0.49 – 0.71 |
0.59 |
|
October |
0.59 |
0.56 – 0.64 |
0.60 |
|
November |
0.60 |
0.47 – 0.60 |
0.50 |
|
December |
0.50 |
0.47 – 0.54 |
0.50 |
Panda Forecast
Price range in 2024: $0.465 – 0.675 (as of August 26, 2024).
From the point of view of Panda Forecast, According to Panda Forecast, the average price of EOS in August will stand at $0.6 and may decline to $0.595 by the end of the year. In October, the token will face high volatility, trading in a range of $0.574-0.625. However, by December, the price will stabilize within $0.568-0.675.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
September |
0.465 |
0.552 |
|
October |
0.574 |
0.625 |
|
November |
0.530 |
0.667 |
|
December |
0.568 |
0.675 |
EOS Technical Analysis
The weekly time frame reveals the EOSUSD performance since 2017.
The price chart shows an uptrend, which has already finished, and a bearish corrective trend, which is still developing.
Let’s assess the price movement on the daily and 4-hour charts to conduct a comprehensive technical analysis. The use of additional tools and indicators will also be helpful:
EOSUSD Price Analysis For Next Three Months
Let’s examine the chart markup on the daily time frame to forecast the EOS price for the next three months. Elliott Wave analysis suggests that the cryptocurrency is developing a global complex corrective pattern, a triple zigzag [W]-[X]-[Y]-[X]-[Z].
A motive wave [Y] has finished as a standard zigzag (A)-(B)-(C). A horizontal linking wave [X] is forming as a double three (W)-(X)-(Y) on the last section of the price chart.
A linking wave (X) is underway, shaping a triple zigzag W-X-Y-X-Z. The wave may finish at the end of this month. The price may fall to 0.287 by the end of August, followed by growth in the initial part of a new motive wave (Y).
The first impulse sub-wave A will likely terminate at the 0.965 high. A correction B may develop by the end of September, ending near 0.712.
During October, the asset may rise within an impulse wave C to the high of 1.373, marked by a motive wave (W).
Long-Term EOSUSD Technical Analysis for 2024
Let’s analyze the EOS price chart in more detail on the 4-hour time frame.
The wave (X) is a triple zigzag W-X-Y-X-Z with uncompleted sub-waves X and Z. The price is expected to decline to 0.28 by the end of August, where the wave Z will retrace 76.4% of the motive wave Y, according to the Fibonacci indicator.
In September, an impulse growth is expected within the initial part of the active wave (Y). A wave A will likely end at the 0.95 high, and then the price will trade in a bearish correction.
Correction B will terminate near 0.70 by the end of October, retracing 38.2% of the impulse wave A, according to Fibonacci lines.
In November, the price will grow to the 1.37 high within the impulse C. In December 2024, the quotes may drop within a new bearish trend. At the end of December, the price will likely fall to the 0.70 low, which will be marked by the correction B.
The chart’s trend lines show EOS’s approximate future price movement. Vertical lines mark the last day of each month.
|
Month |
EOSUSD Price Forecast |
|
|
Minimum, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
|
August |
0.28 |
0.61 |
|
September |
0.28 |
0.95 |
|
October |
0.70 |
0.95 |
|
November |
0.70 |
1.37 |
|
December |
0.70 |
1.37 |
Long-Term Trading Plan for EOSUSD
Let’s make a trading plan for three months and to the end of the year.
- The descending wave continues. Thus, consider opening short trades at current prices with the target of 0.28, where the sub-wave (X) is expected to end.
- An impulse growth within the wave A is expected in early September. Therefore, consider long trades with the target of 0.95.
- In October, one may consider short trades with a take-profit order set at 0.70. A bearish correction B will likely unfold.
In the long term, consider buying at the current level, taking profits at 1.37, where the horizontal wave [X] is expected to end.
EOS Price Price Forecast for 2025 – Experts Predictions
Opinions about 2025 vary greatly. Some sources predict stable growth, some predict a slow decline, and others see wild fluctuations throughout the year. Yet, experts think it is not the reason to lose faith in EOSIO.
DigitalCoinPrice
Price range in 2025: $1.12 – 1.35 (as of August 26, 2024).
According to DigitalCoinPrice, the EOS rate will range between $1.12 and $1.35 in 2025. The asset’s volatility will increase throughout the year, which is a negative factor. The price highs will rise from $1.29 to $1.35, and EOS will end the year at $1.34.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
January |
1.14 |
1.16 |
1.18 |
|
February |
1.14 |
1.19 |
1.29 |
|
March |
1.12 |
1.20 |
1.32 |
|
April |
1.14 |
1.30 |
1.32 |
|
May |
1.14 |
1.32 |
1.34 |
|
June |
1.13 |
1.23 |
1.26 |
|
July |
1.13 |
1.18 |
1.35 |
|
August |
1.12 |
1.16 |
1.24 |
|
September |
1.14 |
1.17 |
1.18 |
|
October |
1.14 |
1.21 |
1.28 |
|
November |
1.14 |
1.20 |
1.30 |
|
December |
1.14 |
1.24 |
1.34 |
CryptoPredictions
Price range in 2025: $0.527 – 0.879 (as of August 26, 2024).
CryptoPredictions expects the EOSUSD exchange rate to be volatile during the year. The highs will not exceed $0.879, while the yearly low will be in the $0.541-0.598 range.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
January |
0.598 |
0.703 |
0.879 |
|
February |
0.593 |
0.698 |
0.872 |
|
March |
0.588 |
0.692 |
0.865 |
|
April |
0.582 |
0.684 |
0.856 |
|
May |
0.575 |
0.676 |
0.846 |
|
June |
0.567 |
0.667 |
0.834 |
|
July |
0.559 |
0.657 |
0.822 |
|
August |
0.549 |
0.646 |
0.808 |
|
September |
0.538 |
0.634 |
0.792 |
|
October |
0.527 |
0.620 |
0.775 |
|
November |
0.528 |
0.621 |
0.776 |
|
December |
0.541 |
0.636 |
0.795 |
CoinPriceForecast
Price range in 2025: $0.80 – 0.86 (as of August 26, 2024).
CoinPriceForecast foresees the average EOSUSD price to be around $0.86 in the middle of 2025. At the end of the year, it will decline to $0.80.
|
Year |
Mid-Year, $ |
Year-End, $ |
|
2025 |
0.86 |
0.80 |
LongForecast
Price range in 2025: $0.48 – 1.18 (as of August 26, 2024).
Long Forecast provides a bullish EOS price prediction based on an analysis of economic factors and market psychology. According to the portal, EOS may rise from $0.48 to $1.18, peaking in December.
|
Month |
Open, $ |
Low – High, $ |
Close, $ |
|
January |
0.50 |
0.48 – 0.56 |
0.52 |
|
February |
0.52 |
0.52 – 0.64 |
0.60 |
|
March |
0.60 |
0.60 – 0.75 |
0.70 |
|
April |
0.70 |
0.68 – 0.78 |
0.73 |
|
May |
0.73 |
0.73 – 0.91 |
0.85 |
|
June |
0.85 |
0.84 – 0.96 |
0.90 |
|
July |
0.90 |
0.90 – 1.06 |
0.99 |
|
August |
0.99 |
0.92 – 1.06 |
0.99 |
|
September |
0.99 |
0.96 – 1.10 |
1.03 |
|
October |
1.03 |
0.96 – 1.10 |
1.03 |
|
November |
1.03 |
1.00 – 1.14 |
1.07 |
|
December |
1.07 |
1.02 – 1.18 |
1.10 |
PandaForecast
Price range in 2025: $0.330 – 0.607 (as of August 26, 2024).
PandaForecast provides a bullish forecast, albeit with some nuances. The average EOSUSD price will trade around $0.330 at the beginning of 2025 and around $0.607 at the end of the year. A slight increase in February will be followed by a series of declines in April and June. However, the asset will rise starting from August.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
January |
0.454 |
0.607 |
|
February |
0.460 |
0.533 |
|
March |
0.444 |
0.531 |
|
April |
0.373 |
0.451 |
|
May |
0.344 |
0.411 |
|
June |
0.361 |
0.439 |
|
July |
0.330 |
0.433 |
|
August |
0.400 |
0.496 |
|
September |
0.443 |
0.567 |
|
October |
0.442 |
0.537 |
|
November |
0.416 |
0.501 |
|
December |
0.396 |
0.477 |
EOS Price Predictions 2026
Let’s delve into EOS expert price predictions for 2026.
DigitalCoinPrice
Price range in 2026: $1.55 – 1.93 (as of August 26, 2024).
According to DigitalCoinPrice‘s forecast, the EOS rate will face high volatility in 2026, with the average price ranging from $1.58 to $1.68.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
January |
1.55 |
1.65 |
1.71 |
|
February |
1.56 |
1.61 |
1.93 |
|
March |
1.55 |
1.61 |
1.66 |
|
April |
1.56 |
1.58 |
1.64 |
|
May |
1.57 |
1.62 |
1.83 |
|
June |
1.56 |
1.62 |
1.63 |
|
July |
1.55 |
1.63 |
1.80 |
|
August |
1.55 |
1.68 |
1.72 |
|
September |
1.56 |
1.63 |
1.79 |
|
October |
1.56 |
1.62 |
1.72 |
|
November |
1.56 |
1.62 |
1.63 |
|
December |
1.56 |
1.58 |
1.70 |
CryptoPredictions
Price range in 2026: $0.554 – 0.999 (as of August 26, 2024).
CryptoPredictions experts predict stable growth during 2026. Notably, the average EOS price will exceed $0.735 in July and continue to grow, reaching $0.799 by the end of the year.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
January |
0.554 |
0.651 |
0.814 |
|
February |
0.566 |
0.666 |
0.833 |
|
March |
0.578 |
0.680 |
0.850 |
|
April |
0.590 |
0.694 |
0.868 |
|
May |
0.602 |
0.708 |
0.885 |
|
June |
0.614 |
0.722 |
0.903 |
|
July |
0.625 |
0.735 |
0.919 |
|
August |
0.636 |
0.749 |
0.936 |
|
September |
0.648 |
0.762 |
0.952 |
|
October |
0.658 |
0.774 |
0.968 |
|
November |
0.669 |
0.787 |
0.984 |
|
December |
0.679 |
0.799 |
0.999 |
CoinPriceForecast
Price range in 2026: $0.81 – 0.96 (as of August 26, 2024).
CoinPriceForecast analysts provide a similar EOS forecast for 2026. The price is expected to approach $1.
|
Year |
Mid-Year, $ |
Year-End, $ |
|
2026 |
0.81 |
0.96 |
LongForecast
Price range in 2026: $0.61 – 1.32 (as of August 26, 2024).
LongForecast‘s EOSUSD rate forecast for 2026 is less optimistic. A gradual decline since April is anticipated.
|
Month |
Open, $ |
Low – High, $ |
Close, $ |
|
January |
1.10 |
0.87 – 1.10 |
0.94 |
|
February |
0.94 |
0.92 – 1.06 |
0.99 |
|
March |
0.99 |
0.99 – 1.13 |
1.06 |
|
April |
1.06 |
1.06 – 1.32 |
1.23 |
|
May |
1.23 |
1.04 – 1.23 |
1.12 |
|
June |
1.12 |
0.87 – 1.12 |
0.94 |
|
July |
0.94 |
0.85 – 0.97 |
0.91 |
|
August |
0.91 |
0.73 – 0.91 |
0.78 |
|
September |
0.78 |
0.74 – 0.86 |
0.80 |
|
October |
0.80 |
0.80 – 1.00 |
0.93 |
|
November |
0.93 |
0.73 – 0.93 |
0.78 |
|
December |
0.78 |
0.61 – 0.78 |
0.66 |
PandaForecast
Price range in 2026: $0.33 – 0.60 (as of August 26, 2024).
PandaForecast predicts a decline in the EOSUSD rate in 2026. The asset may try to correct upwards, but the overall trend will remain bearish.
|
Month |
Minimum, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
January |
0.454 |
0.607 |
|
February |
0.460 |
0.533 |
|
March |
0.444 |
0.531 |
|
April |
0.373 |
0.451 |
|
May |
0.344 |
0.411 |
|
June |
0.361 |
0.439 |
|
July |
0.330 |
0.433 |
|
August |
0.400 |
0.496 |
|
September |
0.443 |
0.567 |
|
October |
0.442 |
0.537 |
|
November |
0.416 |
0.501 |
|
December |
0.396 |
0.477 |
How Has the Price of EOS Changed Over Time?
In order to make accurate cryptocurrency predictions, it is crucial to analyze not only future trends but also the past price performance of EOS. Let’s examine how much the value of EOS has changed since its launch on July 2, 2017, up to August 1, 2023.
Currently, the EOS price stands at $0.4923.
Source: CoinMarketCap
In 2017, the first white paper for the EOS network was established, and the open-source software was released on June 1, 2018. This blockchain project was highly anticipated and had the most significant initial coin offering of all time, amassing a record-breaking $4 billion.
EOS experienced a significant fall from December 2018 to January 2019. The price tumbled to $1.93 after climbing to $8 during this period. The drop in user activity in EOS could be linked to the EIDOS airdrop that significantly slowed down the network.
In June 2019, the price rebounded to $8.62. Liquid Apps has been working on a second-layer solution for EOS using the company’s DAPP tokens since February 2019. This solution was aimed at alleviating some of the pressure on the EOS blockchain’s RAM system.
Between July 2019 and January 2020, the EOS coin did not show great progress. There were minor hikes, but in general, the downtrend on EOS persisted. In February 2020, EOS rose to $5.36. Although the token failed to repeat its past success, its performance was quite promising compared to that of six months ago. Moreover, in January 2020, the second version of the platform – EOSIO 2 – was launched.
A strong bearish trend began in May 2021. However, from February to April 2023, the EOS crypto rose to $1.32, with a peak daily market cap of $332 million during this period. The reason for such changes was the overall growth in the cryptocurrency market due to the rise in Bitcoin.
EOS Performance in 2021-2022
Source: CoinMarketCap
EOS is a platform for decentralized applications (DApps) that competes with Ethereum, Cardano, and others. The EOS’s price fluctuates depending on the cryptocurrency market’s general trend, project development news, and market cap. In 2021, the EOS price peaked at $14 in May but dropped to $3 in June. In the second half of the year, the price recovered to $5 but dropped back to $3 by the end of the year. In 2022, the EOS price continued to decline, trading around $2. At the beginning of 2023, the EOS cryptocurrency dropped to $1. In the second half, it even touched the level of $0.6. EOS is committed to adopting decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions and supporting NFT protocols but is facing strong competition from other platforms.
EOS in 2023-2024
According to the Elliott wave analysis, in 2023, EOS formed the middle part of the global corrective trend, which is now a triple zigzag. The global correction is expected to end in the spring of 2025.
Long-Term EOS Predictions 2027-2030
There are two viewpoints on the EOS market performance by 2030. According to CoinPriceForecast, the 2025–2026 growth will continue until 2029, but then a decline is expected. The cryptocurrency will likely end 2030 at $1.35.
|
Year |
Mid-Year, $ |
Year-End, $ |
|
2027 |
1.04 |
1.10 |
|
2028 |
1.17 |
1.05 |
|
2029 |
1.14 |
1.21 |
|
2030 |
1.26 |
1.35 |
Source: CoinPriceForecast
DigitalCoinPrice offers a different outlook. The asset will be stable during 2026–2027 and then start to grow, with the average price reaching $3.97 in 2030.
|
Year |
Minimum, $ |
Average, $ |
Maximum, $ |
|
2027 |
2.05 |
2.37 |
2.43 |
|
2028 |
2.05 |
2.37 |
2.43 |
|
2029 |
2.53 |
2.82 |
2.91 |
|
2030 |
3.60 |
3.97 |
3.99 |
Source: DigitalCoinPrice
Long-term EOS Predictions 2030-2050
The trend towards the legalization of the crypto market in many countries, along with growth in the market cap of various tokens, stimulates the demand for a digital independent currency among retail and institutional investors. However, cryptocurrency also faces a number of issues and challenges, such as high volatility, regulatory uncertainty, technical difficulties, competition between different projects, and the threat of cyber attacks. However, based on historical data, EOS will repeat the past rally, and the estimated growth is up to $7 in the first half, then $15 in the second half of the 30s. Next, there will be a short-term decline to $10 in the early 40s, which will become the ultimate support level. From the 40s, the EOS tokens will likely grow steadily, exceeding all previous highs, adding 20%–40% to its value every few years.
EOS Price Forecast for 2040
CryptoPredictions expects EOS to hit $13.32 by the end of 2040. This means that EOS could grow by around 300% over the next 20 years. According to CoinPriceForecast, the EOS price will reach $62.58 by the end of 2040, rising by about 900% over the next 20 years.
EOS Price Forecast for 2050
In conclusion, against the backdrop of the cryptomarket’s popularity, EOSIO has a bright and encouraging future. From 2050, the daily turnover of the EOS coin may hit beyond 8 billion, and the price will break through the $100 level. Companies and developers worldwide use EOSIO to create secure, transparent, and deterministic digital infrastructures, making EOS a good investment for a long-term trading strategy.
What is EOS?
EOS is one of the leading crypto projects developed to resolve the existing lack of flexibility, speed, scalability, and low transaction fees that are still an issue with Bitcoin and Ethereum. EOS operates on its own smart contract platform for decentralized applications (dApps). The platform includes the EOSIO blockchain protocol, designed to overcome conventional processing and hardware storage issues.
In 2017, Brendan Blumer and Dan Larimer, the developers of EOS, published their first white paper. The first EOS initial coin offering (ICO) began in June 2017 and lasted for a whole year, raising $4.1 billion and setting a new record for ICOs at that time.
Although EOS is a debatable cryptocurrency compared to other crypto coins, the asset’s potential growth is quite promising due to its groundbreaking technology. The EOS blockchain protocol has the potential to significantly impact the future of dApps and computational resources if it delivers on its promises to streamline internal processes across various industries. In this case, the price of the coin may grow rapidly in the long term. If so, the EOS token may rise rapidly in the long term.
Is EOS a Good Long-Term Investment?
According to expert analysis, EOS has the potential for long-term growth. While many analysts offer overly optimistic forecasts, some are quite pessimistic. Nevertheless, EOS is expected to grow until the end of 2025.
EOS is a solid option if you are interested in a long-term investment. However, if you do not plan to make long-term investments, consider trading CFDs on EOS. Remember that all the predictions are approximate and subject to change based on news, political and economic events, and other factors. This is less crucial for trading than investing, as trading allows you to profit from both the growth and decline of quotes.
What is the Future of EOS? Will EOS Go Up?
Investing in EOS involves significant risks associated with crypto assets. However, EOS continues to garner considerable interest from users due to its innovative nature. Notably, there is no digital currency today that does not have flaws and negative reviews. EOS is one of the projects with huge potential and relatively low risk, as confirmed by high trading volumes.
Historically, the EOS exchange rate has been very volatile. Although it has become more stable in recent years, there have been instances of a 93% fall, meaning that early investors have lost a significant part of their profits. Some experts believe that EOS will grow and reach a new high soon.
While EOS may seem a promising investment, analyst predictions vary widely. Some experts anticipate consistent growth, while others foresee potential challenges. If you believe that EOS will strengthen, trading it may be a viable option. Given the cyclical nature of cryptocurrency quotes, it is crucial to monitor evolving trends closely.
If blockchain technology continues to develop, EOS may become a pioneer in certain areas of the digital currency industry. LiteFinance’s online platform offers users the opportunity to register for a demo account and join a community of traders, providing access to the latest financial market news and expert forecasts.
Price chart of EOSUSD in real time mode
The content of this article reflects the author’s opinion and does not necessarily reflect the official position of LiteFinance. The material published on this page is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered as the provision of investment advice for the purposes of Directive 2004/39/EC.
